Table of Contents

• Checkmates
  • King and Queen
  • King and Rook
• Pawn Endgames
  • Opposition
  • The Square of the Pawn
• Rook Endgames
  • Lucena
  • Philidor
• Endgame Books

The Russian Endgame Handbook outlines the general process of these basic checkmates:

P.S There are a few different methods of doing these checkmates!

King and Queen vs. King

Goal:

Get the King to the edge of the board, control the escape squares with your King, and give the checkmate with your Queen.

Method:

Use the Queen to corner the King to the side of the board, then bring your King in to execute the checkmate. An easy method is the “L-shape” method where your Queen pushes the King to the edge by always being an L-shape (or Knight’s move) away from the King.

King and Rook vs. King

Goal:

Get the King to the edge of the board, control the escape squares with your King, and give the checkmate with your Rook.

Method:

This one is a little trickier, let’s do it in steps:

1. Cut the King off with your Rook
2. Bring your King toward the Opponent’s King for the Opposition
3. When the King’s are in Opposition, give a check with the Rook

If your Rook is ever under attack, just take it far from the King while staying on the cut-off file/rank and if your opponent’s King is ever tricky and refuses opposition, make a waiting move with your Rook!

Positions taken from Russian Endgame Handbook

King and pawn endgames can be deceptively simple, but they are the foundation of all other endgames. Understanding the concepts of ‘opposition’ and ‘the square of the pawn’ is crucial.

Opposition: When two kings stand on the same rank, file, or diagonal, and it’s the turn of the player not controlling the square between them to move, the other player has the opposition.

Using Opposition to Win

Goal:

White has the move, and the goal is to promote the pawn. To do this, the King needs to lead the way.

Method:

3 Golden Rules to remember

1. Always keep the King in front of the pawn
2. Take opposition, don’t allow your opponent to
3. Outflank after opposition (move up)

Using Opposition to Draw

Goal:

Black has the move, and the goal is to stop White’s Pawn from promoting, by preventing the white King from moving forward.

Method:

1. Always take opposition
2. Stay in front of and close to the pawn

Positions taken from Chess Endings for Beginners

The Square of the Pawn

A mental square drawn from a pawn to its promotion square which tells you if the opposing king can stop the pawn from promoting. Count the number of squares to the promotion square, then use the same number of squares to extend and create a large imaginary square

• If the opposing King is inside the square (or on its border), it can catch the Pawn before it promotes.
• If the opposing King is outside the square, the Pawn can safely promote before being caught.

Remember: This rule assumes that it’s the pawn’s turn to move, and there are no other pieces involved in the play. As with many chess guidelines, there are exceptions in some positions, but the rule of the square is a quick and handy tool to judge the basic pawn races in endgames.

When the King is in the square:

When the King is not in the square:

Let’s take a look at an example where both sides have a passed pawn, and the rule of the square comes in handy:

If White pushes his pawn with 1.a5? the square is moved up, and the new corner squares are a5/a8/d8/d5. Black’s King could make it to that square if he wants, but in this position, he has a much stronger reaction: 1…h3.

White’s King is not in the square, AND Black will win the Pawn race and promote first. Therefore, going back to the first position, 1.Ke3 is the best move for White, entering the square of the black Pawn:

Positions taken from Chess Endgames for Club Players

Breakthroughs

Goal:

In a position where you have three Pawns facing off against your opponent’s three Pawns, and yours are more advanced, as in the position above, you want to have one of your Pawns break through to promote.

Method:

• Move your middle Pawn up
• Your opponent has two side Pawns to capture with. Push your second Pawn up on the side that did not move. i.e. your second Pawn will be the one with an opposing Pawn
• Voila! Your final Pawn has no opposing Pawns that can stop it from being promoted.

Rook endgames are the most common type of endgame. There are a few theoretical rook endgame positions that players should learn in order to easily convert the game to a win, or be able to hold the draw.

Lucena Position

A winning position where the stronger side has a Pawn on the seventh rank and needs to promote it. You can only achieve this by using your Rook as a shield.

Goal:

Your Pawn needs to promote, and to do this, your King needs to move out of the way. Your opponent’s Rook will check your King, and in order to shield from these checks, your Rook needs to get to the 4th rank.

Method:

• First, ensure that your opponent’s Black’s King is at least two files away from your Pawn. Often we need to do this with a check
• Place your Rook on the 4th rank
• Bring out your King, towards your Rook, to the 5th rank
• Eventually, you will be able to promote the Pawn and shield Black’s check with your Rook

Here is an example from Theoretical Rook Endgames:

Philidor Position

You will also reach endgame positions where you are only playing with a Rook and King vs a Rook, King, and Pawn, where the objective will be to draw. One of these positions is called the Philidor Position, and by learning this technique, you can save yourself half a point (and many headaches!)

Goal:

Hold a draw by preventing your opponent’s King from moving in front of their Pawn.

Method:

Keep the Rook on the third rank (or sixth rank from its perspective) to prevent the Pawn from advancing. If the Pawn moves, move the Rook away and give checks from behind, stopping White’s King from entering.

Position taken from 100 Endgames You Must Know

Author Sam Shankland sums up the essence of the above two Rook and Pawn endgames as follows:

Disclaimer for beginners:

There is a lot of terminology in chess, and it might be overwhelming to try and remember it all. At the end of the day, it is more important to understand the technique and theory than it is to know what it is called. However, if you do find yourself in a conversation where the terms “Lucena” and “Philidor” are thrown around, and can’t remember the distinction between the two, a little cheat code is to think of “Philidor” as “Philidraw” to help you remember that this is the drawing technique, making Lucena the winning one.

And that’s enough endgame theory for today!

Endgames may seem like a huge mountain to overcome, but these books will guarantee an easier learning process:

Endgame Books

The Russian Endgame Handbook

Author: Ilya Rabinovich

Publisher: Mongoose Press

View Free Sample

Chess Endings for Beginners

Author: J. H. Blake (Updated by Carsten Hansen)

Publisher: Independent

View Free Sample

Chess Endgames for Club Players

Author: Herman Grooten

Publisher: New in Chess

View Free Sample

100 Endgames You Must Know (4th edition)

Author: Jesus De La Villa

Publisher: New in Chess

View Free Sample

Level up and add a book or two to your library. For a limited time, get these and a further selection of award-winning endgame books with a 20% discount on: www.forwardchess.com

Have any questions, or opening suggestions? Let us know in the comments!

Born in Moscow on 6 October 1923, Neishtadt was a Soviet and Israeli chess player and author. He worked as an editor for multiple chess publications, played strong competitive correspondence chess (including correspondence chess olympiads), and wrote many chess books on an array of topics.

One such book that I have personally grown quite fond of is Improve Your Chess Tactics – a book packed with hundreds of tactical positions sourced from actual games. These positions cover a wide array of themes, from the most basic pins and forks to more intricate combinations.

“Improve Your Chess Tactics” is structured in a way that eases the reader into increasingly complex tactical scenarios. The positions are grouped by themes and also by difficulty, making it suitable for players of all levels. Neishtadt starts each chapter with an examination of a theme, along with example positions, and then test exercises. The themed chapters are followed by a big chapter called “Combining Themes” which, as the name suggests, combines different themes into positions.

After all of this, you get to test your knowledge on examination positions, which are a smidge tougher as you don’t get any clue about the theme(s) in the positions. This makes sense of course, as during a game you won’t have someone whispering over your shoulder about what you should be looking for.

Themes range from pins to deflection to interference – but do not be fooled, although a theme titled “pinning” may seem rather elementary, some positions are not that at all (remember, the chapter positions become increasingly difficult). For example, the “Pinning and Unpinning” chapter starts off with a basic position:

It only requires basic tactical knowledge to see the solution: 1.Bd4 Kb6 2.b4 picking up the rook.

But let’s fast forward to a few more complicated positions:

The rook on h8 is out of play, and White realizes the advantage by means of a combinative blow: 1.Qa3+ Qe7 (1…Kg8 2.Bxh7+) 2.Bc6! Black resigned.

So as you can see, there is a wide range of difficulty and moreover, each position is followed by a solution, often accompanied by insightful explanations that don’t just show the right moves but also delve into the reasons behind them.

Try out a few of these Examination Exercises from the book:

Exercise 384

View Solution

Exercise 388

View Solution

Exercise 473

View Solution

Exercise 563

View Solution

Exercise 563

View Solution

Exercise 684

View Solution

On Forward Chess, this book is Tactics Trainer enabled, which makes it easier to really focus on the position without peeking at the solutions.

Have any thoughts or questions? Let us know in the comments!

Solution

Exercise 384

Exercise 388

Exercise 473

Exercise 563

Exercise 625

Exercise 684

Tactics are the exciting, brain-crunching moves that can quickly decide the outcome of a game. These are moves (or a move) that bring about some kind of advantage – such as winning a piece or getting a checkmate. Think of it as a clever trick or strategy that catches your opponent off-guard.

Tactics can also be seen as patterns. With the evolution of chess, we have come to name these patterns which allow our brains to work on them individually so that we can immediately recognize them in our games. Some of the most essential tactics for beginners to know are: pins, forks, skewers, discovered attacks, double checks, and basic checkmates such as in one or two moves.

Let’s take a closer look at each kind of tactic:

• Basic Tactics
  • Hanging Pieces
  • Forks
  • Pins
  • Skewers
  • Discovered Attack
  • Double Check
  • Mate in 1 & 2
• Tactics Books for Beginners
  • Everyone’s First Chess Workbook by Peter Giannatos
  • Winning Chess Tactics by Yasser Seirawan
  • 1001 Chess Exercises for Beginners by Franco Masetti and Roberto Messa
  • CCT for Kids & Club Players – Level 1 by Romain Edouard
  • Simple Attacking Plans by Fred Wilson

Basic Chess Tactics

Hanging Pieces

This is not usually classified as a tactic, but I think that it is an important concept to understand as it enables most tactics.

A hanging piece is a piece that is either:

1. Undefended
2. Defended but is attacked by a less valuable piece
3. Defended, but has more pieces attacking it than it has defending it

Undefended Hanging Piece

Defended but More Valuable Hanging Piece

Underdefended Hanging Piece

In chess, hanging pieces can be the key to the best move in the position. When your opponent has a hanging piece (or more) on the board, you can look for ways to attack it, and the best way to do so is with a tactic!

Forks

The most common double attack where you use one piece to execute two or more attacks at the same time.

This means that you have a piece (such as a Knight) that attacks two (or more) pieces at the same time allowing you to win one of these pieces. However, it is not always about the pieces – you can also fork a piece and a checkmate square.

Forking Two Pieces

Forking a Piece and Checkmate

Pins

A pin is a move that immobilizes an opponent’s piece.

When you pin a piece, you stop it from moving as there is a more valuable piece “behind” it. This can be a king, which is called an absolute pin, or it can be any other piece of higher value, making it a relative pin.

Absolute Pin

The Knight can absolutely not move because the King is behind it.

Relative Pin

The Knight can move, but should not move as the Rook, which is more valuable, is behind it.

Pins are used to gain material, but moreover, they create pressure. Think of it as essentially freezing your opponent’s piece, and because the piece is frozen, it can’t do things like defend other pieces or move to safety. After understanding the basics of pins, you will also need to understand how to take advantage of pinned pieces.

Skewers

Similar to a pin but with a more valuable piece in front.

Think of it as an inverse pin – but this time, the piece that is directly attacked should move as it is more valuable.

Discovered Attacks

Moving a piece to reveal an attack by another piece.

This is like a surprise attack, and can be very dangerous as the moving piece can be executing its own attack, which paired with the attack from the discovered piece, makes it another type of double attack.

P.S: Think of a “Double Attack” as an umbrella term for any move that creates two or more attacks at the same time.

After 1.Nf6+, White employs a discovered attack as by the Knight moving, it discovers an attack from the Rook onto the Queen. At the same time, the Knight attacks the black King with a check.

Double Checks

Checking the opponent’s king with two pieces simultaneously.

I like to think of this as the most forcing move in chess.

And many more! But don’t be daunted; the key is to start with understanding these basics before diving deeper.

The Knight has just moved from e4, unleashing a double check on the white King.

Mate in One and Two

Quick checkmates are essential to tactics training, and are all about escape squares – look at where your opponent’s king can escape to, make sure it is covered, and then checkmate!

Mate in One

Often, basic tactics are also used to checkmate. Look at this example using a pin:

White plays 1.Rg1 checkmate, as the Knight can’t capture because it is pinned.

Chess Books for Beginners: Tactics Books

Practice makes perfect when it comes to tactics. It is one thing to know what the different concepts are, and it is another to be able to use them in games and recognize the patterns. To do this, you need to regularly solve tactical puzzles covering all themes.

Here is a suggestion list of books for beginners that explain tactical concepts, and also provide more than enough exercises for each theme:

Everyone’s First Chess Workbook

As the name suggests, this workbook is a must-have for any beginner. It offers a comprehensive introduction to tactics, covering all the foundational themes. Exercises start off as “guided practices” which means that you are nudged in the direction of the solution so that you know what to look for. Thereafter, test positions are given to apply your skills.

Book Examples

HINT: Use a Knight fork to win a rook

HINT: The Queen on g3 has its eyes on the black Queen on d6. Give away your Knight to win the queen.

Table of Contents

Winning Chess Tactics

Dive into the tactics with Seirawan as your guide. His methodical approach ensures a clear understanding of key tactics that pave the way to winning. The book covers all basic and intermediate tactics, but takes it a step further by showcasing “Great Tacticians and Their Games.” From Paul Morphy to Garry Kasparov, take a look at how some of the greatest players implemented these tactics in their games. The final chapter consists of test positions, ranging in difficulty.

Book Examples

White is down an exchange. Find two ways they can win back the exchange.

White to play. (Look at what is “hanging”.)

Table of Contents

1001 Chess Exercises for Beginners

Practice makes perfect! With over a thousand exercises, this book gives you plenty of tactical exercises. All the basics are covered with dedicated chapters, and the beginning of each chapter presents a few example positions so that the reader can understand the concept and see how it is executed in a position. Each position is also titled, giving a (sometimes very subliminal) clue to the solution, or what the reader should be looking for.

Book Examples

White to move. Can you utilize the pin?

Black is pinning your Queen. Is this over or does White have something up their sleeve to save the day?

Table of Contents

CCT for Kids & Club Players – Level 1

A perfect starting point, this book introduces tactics in a fun, engaging manner, suitable for kids and club players alike. The content is mostly based on checkmates and learning to trap your opponent’s king.

Book Examples

I like the idea of having to look for a check and then checkmate, it makes the reader carefully look at the whole board for checks.

Table of Contents

Simple Attacking Plans

Apply your knowledge of tactics and learn how to launch straightforward yet effective attacks. Through game examples, Wilson beautifully illustrates how a solid understanding of tactics can lead to successful attacking strategies. This book serves as a practical approach to learning tactics, and helps you know what to look for.

Book Example

Table of Contents

Have any questions, or opening suggestions? Let us know in the comments!

Puzzle Solutions

Everyone’s First Chess Workbook

Exercise 1: 1.Nf5+! forking the Rook and King

Exercise 2: 1.Ng6+! with a discovered attack on the Queen.

Winning Chess Tactics

Exercise 3: 1.Be8 winning one of the rooks

Exercise 4: 1.Bh7+ giving up the Bishop for a discovered attack on the black Queen.

1001 Chess Exercises for Beginners

Exercise 5: 1.Nd5+ forking the King and the Rook. Black cannot capture the Knight as the c-pawn is pinned.

Exercise 6: 1.Rg1! Pinning the Black Bishop back!

CCT for Kids & Club Players – Level 1

Exercise 7: Mate in 2

What does the Woodpecker Method mean?

The term “Woodpecker Method” is based on the rhythmic pecking of woodpeckers. Just as a woodpecker repetitively strikes the same spot, this method entails repetitive solving of the same set of chess problems until patterns are deeply ingrained in the player’s memory.

However, the name also has a more personal meaning for the authors, and stated in their introduction:

The Core Principle of the Woodpecker Method

The primary essence of the Woodpecker Method lies in its cyclical nature. Instead of solving countless new puzzles every day, players work through a set selection of problems multiple times. By doing so, they internalize the patterns, tactics, and strategies within these puzzles, gradually reducing the time needed to solve them. The method is based on three “cycles”:

1. Initial Cycle: Players start by solving a set of chess problems, marking the time taken for each one. This initial round is more about understanding the puzzle and less about speed.
2. Subsequent Cycles: Once the set is complete, players begin again, attempting to solve the puzzles more quickly than in the initial cycle. The goal is to recognize patterns faster and increase calculation speed.
3. Final Cycle: By the time players reach their last cycle, they should be able to solve the puzzles significantly faster than their first attempt, demonstrating a deep internalization of the patterns.

The book gives the reader three difficulty levels; easy, intermediate, and advanced exercises. This means that no matter your level, there is something for you, and moreover, you can aim to “climb” up and progress to the advanced level.

Woodpecker Method Exercise Examples

Let’s take a look at example exercises from each level:

Easy Exercises

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View Solution

Intermediate Exercises

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View Solution

View Solution

Advanced Exercises

View Solution

View Solution

View Solution

Benefits of the Woodpecker Method & Expected Results

Pattern Recognition: Regular exposure to the same set of problems reinforces the patterns and tactical motifs in a player’s mind. Over time, these patterns become second nature, allowing for quicker recognition during actual games.

Enhanced Calculation Skills: As players work through the puzzles repetitively, they begin to calculate variations faster and with more accuracy.

Focus on Quality: Instead of jumping from one random puzzle to the next, players focus on a select set, ensuring quality over quantity in their training.

The authors exemplify the achievable results from using the Woodpecker method; Hans Tikkanen trained with the method in the Spring of 2010 and achieved three GM norms as well as +2500 rating that Summer! He elaborates on his successful training with the following:

Such quick results from any type of chess training are rare in my experience, but for me the Woodpecker Method seemed to be just what the doctor ordered! The increased tactical acuity and consistency that came from working so hard with the method significantly decreased my blunders and made me more confident at the board.
Would I have made the same improvement with some other type of training? It’s not impossible – but my playing strength had not taken any significant leap in years, so I had been at a loss as to what to do differently to succeed. Although the Woodpecker Method probably wasn’t the only way for me to raise my play, it certainly proved to be a way.

Just with any training method, the secret ingredient will always be consistency, and the Woodpecker Method’s foundation lies on just that.

Implementing the Method

For those intrigued by the Woodpecker Method, starting is straightforward. Smith and Tikkanen’s book provides over 1000 puzzles, all carefully selected for this approach. However, players can also compile their own set of puzzles The key is consistency in revisiting the same set of problems and continually striving to improve speed and accuracy.

Ultimately, the Woodpecker Method by Axel Smith and Hans Tikkanen offers a fresh perspective on chess training. By emphasizing repetition, pattern recognition, and quality of practice, it presents a systematic approach to enhancing one’s skills. While not every method works equally well for every player, the Woodpecker Method is certainly worth a try for those looking to take their game to the next level.

Take a look at the wide range of tactics books available on Forward Chess. Happy solving!

Exercise Solutions

Easy 1:

Easy 2:

Easy 3:

Intermediate 1:

Intermediate 2:

Intermediate 3:

Advanced 1:

Advanced 2:

Advanced 3:

Opening a game of chess with 1.d4 offers a vast array of possibilities and the London System is one of the most straightforward yet effective systems for White. Characterized by early pawn advances to d4 and e3, followed by the development of the dark-squared bishop to f4, the London System is all about simple development and flexible plans. Note that White can also opt for Nf3 before Bf4, but the latter has become more prominent in recent years and will be our main focus.

The London System: Table of Contents

• London System Background
  • Name Origins
  • History
• London System Theory
  • The …Nf6 and …e6 setup
  • The …g6 setups
    • 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bf4 g6 3.e3
    • 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bf4 g6 3.Nc3
  • The …c5 setups
    • 1.d4 d5 2.Bf4 c5
    • 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bf4 c5
• Learn to play the London System
  • Books to Learn From
  • Game Examples

London System Background

The London System has been around for over a century but has seen an increase in popularity in recent years due to its inherent simplicity and the ability to sidestep a lot of mainstream opening theory.

Name Origins

Curiously, there isn’t a definite historic event tied to the naming of the London System. The name likely stems from its early adoption by British players and usage in various London-based tournaments.

In chess, a “system” refers to an opening where the player can follow a consistent set of plans or move orders, often independent of the specific moves of the opponent. The idea is to achieve a familiar pawn structure or piece setup, allowing the player to understand and execute typical plans, maneuvers, and ideas with confidence. Systems are generally solid, and make learning theory easier through reduced memorization.

History

This opening started to gain some attention in the early 20th century, and has been employed by World Champions like Tigran Petrosian and Anatoly Karpov. Its resurgence in recent years can be attributed to top players seeking less-explored paths and steering the game into middle-game positions they are comfortable with. Similarly, the opening has become extremely popular amongst novice and club players due to its easy setup with minimal theory to learn.

London System Theory

White’s setup involves d4, Nf3, Bf4, e3, h3 (sometimes), c3, Bd3, and Nbd2. The structure is solid and can be adopted against a variety of Black setups.

Black has a few different setups to choose from,

…Nf6 and …e6 Setups

1.d4 d5 2.Bf4 Nf6 3.e3 e6

White’s plans:

• White’s common moves here include Nf3, Bd3, c3, Nbd2, forming a robust setup.
• It is important for White to not allow Black to break with …e5. A common idea is to control the e5-square by playing Ne5 at some point.

Black’s plans:

• Black simply looks to develop pieces harmoniously and get a solid position.
• Black can opt for …Bd6 to challenge White’s Bf4, which is a typical idea in many openings against the London System. Black can fianchetto the light-squared bishop with …b6 and …Bb7.
• …c5 is often played, challenging White’s center before developing …Nc6. Note that White almost always defends d4 with c3.

A typical line:

…g6 setups

1.d4 Nf6 2.Bf4 g6

These setups often resemble King’s Indian or Grunfeld Defenses where Black allows White to occupy the center, with the intention to challenge it later. After 2…g6, White has two main ways to respond; 3.e3 and 3.Nc3.

3.e3

This keeps in line with the main London System setups where White will develop their pieces with the usual approach.

White’s plans:

• White develops their pieces with the usual London System approach (Nf3, c3, Nbd2)
• The light-squared bishop tends to develop to e2 instead of d3, since …g6 by Black closed the b1-h7 diagonal.
• An important move to include is h3, not to necessarily defend g4, but rather to open up the h2-square for the dark-squared bishop to retreat to if necessary.

Black’s plans:

• Black aims to complete the fianchetto setup and castle quickly.
• Black follows up with …d6, …Nbd7, and eventually …c5 or sometimes …e5 to attack White’s center

A typical line:

Of course this is one way for the game to continue, and there are many alternatives for both sides.

3.Nc3

This setup in the London System adds a wrinkle to the game that can be quite challenging for Black. With 3.Nc3, White is deviating from more traditional London System plans that often involve Nf3 and e3, aiming for a more aggressive approach. White plans to push e4 next, which Black must decide to allow by continuing with …Bg7, or to prevent by continuing with …d5.

3.Nc3 d5

Black can counter with …d5 to challenge White’s center immediately. After 4.e3 Bg7 White’s main move is 5.h4 which represents the type of solid attacks that White can get with a Kingside pawn storm, in many lines.

White’s threat is to go for h5 and open up Black’s Kingside, so Black usually opts for 5…h5 to prevent this. Play may continue with 6.Nf3 0-0 7.Ne5 and Black tries to break with 7…c5.

White can also omit h4 and instead go for a quieter 5.Nf3 which is followed by similar piece development as in the 5.h4 line. An important idea for both sides to be aware of though, is if Black “quietly” responds with the normal-looking 5…Nc6 which is in fact a blunder because of 6.Nb5!

3.Nc3 Bg7

The Bg7 setup often leads to a complex, strategic battle that can transpose into various other opening systems.

The immediate plan for White might involve playing e4 which creates a pawn duo in the center, aiming to gain space and set the stage for aggressive piece play. Some lines can involve the move Qd2, followed by long castling. This can lead to interesting attacking prospects, including ideas like Bh6 to exchange the dark-squared bishop and weaken Black’s kingside.

Potential Transpositions:

1. Pirc or Modern Defense: If White pushes e4 and Black responds with …d6, we may get positions that closely resemble the Pirc or Modern Defense.
2. King’s Indian Defense (KID): If Black chooses to play …d6 followed by …Nbd7 and e5, the position can resemble typical King’s Indian structures.

A typical line:

…c5 setups

Black’s move …c5 is a direct and active way to challenge White’s setup, aiming for quick counterplay and attempting to undermine the d4 pawn. There are a few main ways for Black to employ this – either with …d5 or …Nf6. Let’s take a look:

1.d4 d5 2.Bf4 c5

This is a direct approach, immediately challenging the d4 pawn. White can capture, but best is e3, supporting the d4-pawn. After 3…Nc6 4.c3 play can continue with 4…Nf6 but an important line to know is 4…Qb6:

Here White opts for either 5.Qc2 or 5.Qb3, but the following is a funky line:

5.Qb3 c4 6.Qc2 e5! 7.dxe5 Bf5

And White must play 8.Qc1 because the black bishop is poisonous and should not be captured with 8.Qxf5? Black’s f5 bishop was sent to lure the white queen away from the b2-pawn so that Black can capture 8…Qxb2 and pick up the white rook next.

1. d4 Nf6 2. Bf4 c5

Here, Black combines the Indian setups with the direct …c5 challenge. Once again, White defends with 3.e3 but now Black can immediately play 3…Qb6, targeting the b2-pawn. This is an important line for White to learn as the best move is the not-so-obvious 4.Nc3,, allowing Black to capture on b2.

The following is a typical continuation:

It’s worth noting that in the …c5 lines against the London System, understanding typical pawn structures, piece placement, and strategic goals is more crucial than memorizing specific move orders. While the London System itself is a “systematic” opening, the …c5 break by Black seeks to make the game more dynamic and less about routine development.

There are of course a few different setups for both sides, and we have by no means covered them all. Theory is still developing and there are many lines to choose from to suit your taste!

Learn to Play the London System

Books to Learn From

The London System: The Adventure Continues

Publisher: Chess Fortress

Author: Nikola Sedlak

Level: Intermediate

View Free Sample

Trompowsky Attack and London System

Publisher: New in Chess

Author: Viktor Moskalenko

Level: Intermediate

View Free Sample

The London System in 12 Practical Lessons

Publisher: New in Chess

Author: Oscar de Prado

Level: Intermediate

View Free Sample

First Steps: The Colle and London Systems

Publisher: Everyman Chess

Author: Cyrus Lakdawala

Level: Beginner

View Free Sample

Game Examples

Carlsen – Maghsoodloo

London System: …g6 setups

Kamsky – Goganov

London System: …Nf6 and …e6 Setups

Liren – Nepomniachtchi

Even though this London started with 2.Nf3, I feel it is important to include game 6 from the Ding – Nepo World Championship match. The fact that this opening appeared in the highest level of chess (and White won!) proves that it not just a simple club-level choice.

And that’s all folks!

Have any questions, or opening suggestions? Let us know in the comments!

“[The London System] is not a frequent guest in games at the highest level…yet anyone not aspiring to world championship level may rest assured that 3.Bf4 [after 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6] is a perfectly useful move.”

– GM Paul van der Sterren in his book FCO: Fundamental Chess Openings, 2009.

Times have changed since van der Sterren wrote the above quote. In the past, the London System used to be considered a safe but somewhat dull opening, with GM Gata Kamsky being the most regular and strongest exponent of the opening. Nowadays, it is a frequent guest at the top levels of chess, with Magnus Carlsen being amongst its supporters. The other thing that has changed recently is the adoption of the move order 1.d4 and 2.Bf4 rather than 1.d4, 2.Nf3 and 3.Bf4. As van der Sterren also noted, the opening is also very popular at the amateur level, as it is an example of an easy-to-learn systems opening.

The author of the book, The London System in 12 Practical Lessons, FM Oscar de Prado, was a co-author of a previous book on the London System, The Agile London System, 2016, and there are frequent references to the previous book in the current book. He describes the relationship between the two books as follows.

“In this book we are going to look at the London System from a more practical viewpoint, focusing on the needs of amateur players, in contrast to my previous book The Agile London System, which was a much more theoretical work and tried to cover all possible options. To be clear, the present book is neither a theoretical manual on the London System nor simply an update to the previous book, although the latest novelties and the currently critical lines are analysed. This is essentially a new book, focusing on the specific themes that arise in this opening and with an explanation of the most important plans and ideas.

The aim is to help the amateur player to understand the London System and play it correctly and easily.”

As mentioned above, the author recommends the move order 1.d4 and 2.Bf4. His reasons for this are as follows.

“This is the precise order that we recommend, developing the bishop to f4 instead of playing 2.Nf3. Bringing the bishop out first has several advantages, mainly in connection with Black’s ideas of playing …c7-c5 and …Qb6. In many variations that Black can choose it makes no difference, but in the lines where Black mounts quick pressure against b2 with the moves …c7-c5, …Nc6, …Qb6 it’s preferable to postpone Nf3 in favor of developing the queenside.” 

Accordingly, the recommended move orders in the 1.d4 d5 main lines with and without an early …Qb6 are as follows.

The London System in 12 Practical Lessons Table of Contents

As indicated by the book’s title and as shown in the picture above, the structure of the book is based on twelve lessons and 45 illustrative games. Hence, the format of the book is somewhat different from a normal opening book that is built around a tree of variations approach. While an opening repertoire for White is contained in these lessons, a major emphasis of the book is on understanding the key themes of the London System. This is also highlighted by the last lesson, which contains 50 exercises for readers to solve together with detailed solutions. All the exercises are from games previously discussed in the book, and thus they also serve as a refresher course on the book’s content.

Each lesson starts with a general introduction to orient readers and concludes with a summary of the lesson’s contents. This makes it easier for readers to absorb the material. The annotations are clear and concise, and they explain the various move order issues and strategies very well. One pleasing aspect of the book is that the author is balanced in his views on the London System, and he readily notes variations where Black equalizes or is even better in some cases.

The book covers not only the 1.d4 d5 version of the London System but also move orders where Black tries to transpose to other defenses, such as the King’s Indian, Queen’s Indian, Grünfeld, Dutch, and Slav Defences by starting with moves such as 1…Nf6 or 1…f5. This makes the book a one-stop repertoire for White based on 1.d4.

Two examples from the book are given below, with annotations from the book. 

In conclusion, this is a good book on the topical London System. The author has managed to provide a clear guide to the opening in just over 250 pages, and without overwhelming readers with too much detail. Providing readers are prepared to update the book with new developments as they arise, the book can serve as a solid lifetime repertoire for White.

Have any thoughts or questions? Let us know in the comments!

1. The Importance of Tactics in Chess
2. Beginner’s Delight – Easy Puzzles
3. Intermediate Intrigue – Medium Difficulty Puzzles
4. Master’s Challenge – Difficult Puzzles
5. Benefits of Regular Tactical Training
6. Solutions

The Importance of Tactics in Chess

Every chess player, whether a beginner or a grandmaster, knows that tactics are the heartbeat of the game. They’re those moments when you spot an opportunity, lay a trap, or unveil a hidden attack. Understanding and mastering tactics not only sharpens your skills but also boosts your confidence on the board.

Beginner’s Delight

Easy Puzzles: For those just starting out or needing a warm-up, we begin with some delightful, yet simpler tactical challenges.

Puzzle 1

In this first puzzle, there are two major things to take note of; firstly, the position of the black king who is stuck in the corner, with only one escape square (g8) because of our menacing dark-squared bishop. Secondly, there is a lot of tension on the board – the queens are facing off and the black queen is pinned and cannot move off of the a1-h8 diagonal. How can White take advantage of this?

view solution

Puzzle 2

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Black must calculate if the knight on e2 can be captured. Remember, it takes two to tango in chess – you always need to consider your opponent’s (best) responses. In this case, what will happen if White responds by capturing our “freebie” bishop?

Puzzle 3

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Let’s understand this position a little better: White is a pawn down but has much better piece activity. In fact, Black’s pieces are all pretty much passive except for the lone queen doing her own thing on the second rank. Sometimes having an opponent’s queen impose on our position like this can be a little scary, but let’s flip the script: Is the queen a dangerous threat or is she actually surrounded by our pieces and in danger of being trapped?

White to play and find the move that immobilizes the black queen by taking all of her escape squares away.

Puzzle 4

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Removing the Defender is a tactical theme that comes up in a lot of chess puzzles. Step 1: Look at what you are attacking and what you want to achieve. Step 2: Look at how your opponent is defending this piece or threat. Step 3: Remove the defender! (using a little force if necessary)

Intermediate Intrigue

Medium Difficulty Puzzles: Stepping up the ladder, we have puzzles that require a tad more foresight and deeper calculations.

Puzzle 5

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There is chaos on the board! Take note of the hanging black queen and the white forces that are aimed at the black king.

Puzzle 6

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A key idea to remember when solving tactics is that sometimes there is a necessity to open up lines (ranks, files, diagonals) and more often than not, this is done explosively!

Puzzle 7

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This might be a tiny explosion…

Puzzle 8

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The power of a queen and bishop pair should not be underestimated!

Puzzle 9

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It looks like White is a million pawns up, but Black’s e3-pawn is a force to be reckoned with. White only has one way to save this position and maintain equality.

Master’s Challenge

Difficult Puzzles: For the audacious among you, we present puzzles of a higher pedigree. These are the ones that have stumped many a seasoned player and require intricate combinations and deep insights. Are you up for the challenge?

Puzzle 10

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The first move might seem obvious to tactical aficionados, but it is what comes next (and what Alekhine missed) that is the real beauty.

Puzzle 11

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What does your instinct tell you?

Puzzle 12

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At first glance, this might seem like there should be an easy solution here – the black king is alienated on the kingside after all. However, things are not as simple as Black will always look for counterattacking chances. White has one insane idea for the advantage – warning: this requires some mega-brain thinking.

Puzzle 13

view solution

This final one is quite a tricky one. Black is ready to go for the white king, but White is ready to retaliate and has the advantage of open lines. What can you do about that?

Benefits of Regular Tactical Training

Consistent tactical training doesn’t just make you better at solving puzzles—it shapes your intuition, helps you spot patterns quickly in real games, and can even improve your concentration and patience. As the saying goes, “Tactics is knowing what to do when there is something to do; strategy is knowing what to do when there is nothing to do.”

We hope these puzzles have tickled your brain and stirred your passion for the beautiful game of chess. Remember, as with anything, practice makes perfect. Dive into the vast collection of books at Forward Chess to continue sharpening your tactical mind. Happy puzzling!

Solutions

Puzzle 1

The Power of Tactics Vol 1 (Exercise 1.1)

Puzzle 2

The Power of Tactics Vol 1 (Exercise 134)

Puzzle 3

The Power of Tactics Vol 1 (Exercise 2.6)

Puzzle 4

1001 Chess Exercises for Club Players (1)

Puzzle 5

1001 Chess Exercises for Club Players (850)

Puzzle 6

The Woodpecker Method (451)

Puzzle 7

The Woodpecker Method (230)

Puzzle 8

Think Like a Super GM (2)

Puzzle 9

Think Like a Super GM (20)

Puzzle 10

The Woodpecker Method (1004)

Puzzle 11

The Woodpecker Method (985)

Puzzle 12

Chess Tests (Tasty Tactics 1)

Puzzle 13

Chess Tests (Attack 1)

Let’s take a look into the origins of the Caro-Kann, its main lines and ideas, and the best way to learn and master this classic opening.

The Caro-Kann Defense: Table of Contents

• Caro-Kann Background
  • Name Origins
  • History
• Caro-Kann Theory
  • 3.Nc3 & 3.Nd2: Classical & Two Knights Variations
  • 3.exd5: Exchange Variation
  • 3.e5: Advanced Variation
• Learn to play the Caro-Kann
  • Books to Learn From
  • Game Examples

Caro-Kann Background

The Caro-Kann Defense wasn’t initially as popular as the French Defense or the Sicilian Defense. It was often viewed as a passive choice, ceding the center to White. However, its solid pawn structure and robustness made it a favorite among those looking to avoid the many tactical melees found in the other defenses to 1.e4.

Caro-Kann Name Origins

The Caro-Kann owes its name to Horatio Caro and Marcus Kann, two chess players who analyzed this defense in the 19th century, with their findings published in 1886.

A game by Horatio playing the Caro-Kann:

Caro-Kann History

The opening truly began to gain traction and respect in the mid-20th century, especially during the 1950s and 1960s. World Champions like Anatoly Karpov and several top-level players like Viktor Korchnoi chose it as a key part of their repertoire. This led to a deep exploration of its many subtleties and nuances at the highest level. Its reputation as a solid yet rich opening has only grown over the years.

Caro-Kann Theory

After 1.e4 c6 2.d4, Black continues with 2…d5, immediately challenging White’s central pawn.

3.Nc3 & 3.Nd2: Classical & Two Knights Variations

These are both aggressive options for White. Black usually responds with 3…dxe4, and after 4.Nxe4 the game can branch out in numerous directions from there.

4…Nd7: Modern (Karpov) Variation

Black aims for a solid, yet flexible development. The knight on d7 supports the other knight coming to f6.

• White often aims for a minor piece play, trying to exploit the slight lead in development and central space. Moves like Ng3, Nf3, Bd3 followed by kingside castling are common. The idea of a quick Qe2 and Rd1 can also be seen to place pressure on the d-file.
• Black, on the other hand, will continue with …Ngf6, and depending on the situation, either …e6 or …g6, preparing to fianchetto the king’s bishop. The pawn break with …e5 is crucial and often leads to a freeing of Black’s position.

4…Nf6 5.Nxf6 exf6: Tartakower Variation

Black voluntarily accepts a double pawn weakness on f6 but gets a few benefits in return such as an open e-file for the Kingside rook, open Bishops that are ready to develop, and a safe and solid Kingside.

• Black quickly develops with …Bd6, …0-0, …Re8 and places pressure on the Kingside with moves like …Qc7. A knight maneuver to remember is Nd7-Nf8-Ng6 to bring the Knight over for the action (or defense).
• White solidifies their pawn structure with c3, followed by developing via Bd3 and Qc2. A check on the e-file from the black Rook is usually blocked with Ne2, whereafter White decides if they want to castle on the Kingside or Queenside.

4…Nf6 5.Nxf6 gxf6: Bronstein–Larsen Variation

Named after the great David Bronstein and Bent Larsen, two players known for dynamic and unconventional chess, this line represents a willingness to compromise pawn structure for piece activity. This line can lead to rich, double-edged positions, with chances for both sides. The pawn on f6 can be a strength or a weakness, depending on the flow of the game. Black uses the open g-file for their rook, and more often than not, castles queenside.

3.exd5: Exchange Variation

After 3…cxd5, the game can lead to more of an open game, with imbalanced positions and aggressive play.

4.c4: Panov/Botvinnik

After 4…dxc4, Black gives up the center, and we often reach an IQP position for White. This pawn can be both a strength and a weakness: it offers dynamic potential, control of key squares, and chances for a kingside attack for White, but it can also become a target for Black in the endgame.

• The main plans for White involve a kingside attack, utilizing the half-open e-file, and pushing d5 at the right moment.
• Black typically seeks to exchange pieces, given that in the endgame, the IQP can become a liability. The main strategy revolves around blockading the d-pawn, while also looking for counterplay on the Kingside or Queenside, or central breaks with …e5 in some lines.

4.Bd3: Main Line

Bd3 prevents Black’s natural …Bf5 development and readies White to develop naturally with moves like Nf3 and O-O.

• Black has a typical Carlsbad pawn structure that has both strengths and weaknesses; while Black has a semi-open e-file for counterplay, there’s also a potential minority attack on the queenside for White.

3.e5: Advanced Variation

Here, White immediately grabs space in the center. Black’s common responses include 3…Bf5 and 3…c5, aiming to challenge White’s pawns and activate their pieces.

3…Bf5

• Typically, White aims to solidify the pawn on e5, develop pieces harmoniously. The pawn on e5 restricts Black’s natural development, especially the knight on g8. Black’s f5-Bishop sometimes becomes an annoying target, as White goes crazy on the Kingside with pawn storms.
• Black looks for counterplay on the queenside with …c5 or …Qb6, and may also aim to challenge the e5 pawn with …f6 at the right moment.

Theory is still developing in these types of positions, and lines can become quite aggressive for both sides.

3…c5

With 3…c5, Black immediately challenges White’s center. Instead of playing the usual …Bf5 to develop the pieces, Black sidesteps a lot of theory and opts for immediate counterplay in the center.

White now has a few options:

4.dxc5: The most straightforward response, capturing the pawn. After 4…e6, Black aims to recapture the c5-pawn with the bishop or the knight.
4.c3: This move supports the pawn on d4 and can lead to French Defense-like structures.
4.Nf3: A natural developing move, aiming to support the d4-pawn.

Learn to play the Caro-Kann

Books to Learn From

Playing the Caro-Kann

Author: Lars Schandorff

Publisher: Quality Chess

View Book

Opening Repertoire: The Caro-Kann

Author: Jovanka Houska

Publisher: Everyman Chess

View Book

The Caro-Kann Revisited

Author: Francesco Rambaldi

Publisher: Thinkers Publishing

View Book

Game Examples

Kosakowski vs Adhiban

A nice game in the advanced variation that shows how Black completely dismantles White’s center:

Deep Blue – Kasparov

Although the Caro-Kann is known to be solid, sometimes White goes for the opposite and aims for explosions on the board. This game between Kasparov and Deep Blue shows just that:

Hossain – Le

A classical Caro-Kann in the Tartakower Variation:

Ready to try out the Caro-Kann? Let us know what you think!

Growing up, I personally found endgame study to be so boring. Fewer pieces on the board means fewer complicated variations to calculate, right? Wrong!
The necessity for accuracy in endgames is a lot higher since even though there are fewer pieces on the board, there are more open squares too, and subsequently more alternative moves.

There are of course basic endgames that every chess player should know or even have memorized, but then there are endgame studies that offer a window into the wonderful intricacies of the final phase of the game.

The Art of The Endgame: About the Book

I have always likened chess composition to creating art or music – the composer brings an idea to life that was born in their mind. In his book “The Art of the Endgame“, GM Jan Timman describes the process of chess composition as just that (hence the book’s name), `and aims to show readers “why endgame studies are so beautiful and so interesting.” Timman’s passion for endgames is evident throughout the book – from its cover to its final chapter and readers can get to share this passion while understanding how endgame studies are created, and at the same time, solving them.

Timman explains the process behind composing an endgame study as follows:

The book offers a wide variety of endgame study themes, created by various composers, from mating nets to fortresses, and more. Take a look at the table of contents shown below, or on the book’s free sample.

Note, as the book’s synopsis tells us: Timman has revised the book for this new edition. With the help of engines, Timman discovered that a few studies needed to be corrected or had alternative solutions. He removed six studies and replaced another six with better versions. Fourteen new studies have been added, two of which are published here for the first time.

The Art of The Endgame: About the Author

Jan Timman is a prominent Dutch grandmaster and prolific author, celebrated for his deep contributions to chess literature. At the height of his playing career, he ranked as the world’s number two on the FIDE rankings and has also notably been a world championship candidate. Beyond his success over the board, he has a profound appreciation for the intricacies of chess endgame studies and has composed many. Timman has written many acclaimed chess books and was honored with the title of FIDE Master of Composition in 2022.

The Art of The Endgame: Study Examples

Let’s take a look at some of the studies that you will find in the book:

(See solutions below)

Chapter 1: Miniature Studies

Chapter 8: Stalemate Patterns

This one is a little tricky. “Both sides have a dangerous passed pawn. Due to certain circumstances, the black king turns out to be the safer of the two.”

Keep in mind: Black’s pawn push to c2 comes with a check.

Whether you are an avid composition solver, or just getting into it, this book will surely pick your brain with its collection of beautiful studies.

Have any thoughts or questions? Let us know in the comments below!

Don’t miss out on The Art of the Endgame’s special introductory offer available at www.forwardchess.com

Study Solutions

Study 1:

Study 2:

The English has been employed successfully by many top players, including Kasparov and Carlsen, adapting well to various playing styles. It suits those seeking dynamic and unexplored positions, making it a compelling option to outmaneuver opponents and create imbalanced positions.

The latest release, Playing the English, by author Nikolaos Ntrilis and Quality Chess offers a full repertoire based on the English with 1.c4. It covers all of Black’s responses and gives the reader straightforward plans and concepts to get a great position out of the opening.

About the Book

Each book section is comprised of the following:

1. A variation Index
2. An overview of analyzed variations, including tabiyas and model games.
3. A short summary that clarifies ideas and the aim of the lines
4. A deeper theoretical section that covers all lines

Let’s take a look at the first chapter as an example:

1.c4 e5 Reversed Dragon

Variation Index

Overview

Ntrilis gives the reader the following tabiya overview:

“The first chapter is one of the most important in the book. For many players, when they hear “English Opening”, the first position that comes to mind is this one. As I explained in the introduction, I believe that a great practical way to meet theoretically challenging variations is to deeply study one primary weapon against them, and also have one or two backup ideas that you know to a decent level. This will be exactly our approach in the chapter ahead.”

The reader is not only given analysis of the main variations, but also alternative moves. Such as in the above position; the main recommendation is 8.b3, but attention is also given to 1.d3.

Following this, the reader is given a few common positions and pawn structures that might occur – from the opening to the endgame, and how to approach them. For Example:

Kingside Majority

Theory Section

The first chapter is divided into two main sections based on the recommendations of 8.b3 and 8.d3. This section always starts with an “opening tree” type of structure so that the reader can understand, and refer to, all of the variations covered:

Finally, to really bring one’s understanding of all the theory home, the theoretical chapters end off with a conclusion that reiterates important ideas, plans, and common instances that you will face.

Table of Contents

1.c4 e5

• Reversed Dragon
• Grischuk’s Reversed Dragon
• Reversed Rossolimo
• Other 1…e5 Lines

1.c4 c5

• Pure Symmetry
• Impure Symmetry
• Hedgehog
• Double Fianchetto

Indian Defences

• King’s Indian
• Grunfeld

…d5 Defences

• Slav-Grunfeld
• English vs Slav
• English vs QGD
• Catalan Transposition

Other Defences

• Dutch
• 1…b6 & 1…g6

About the Author

Nikolaos Ntirlis is an acclaimed writer, an opening specialist, and a Correspondence IM with accolades. His experience encompasses serving as an openings consultant for several GMs, including the Danish Olympiad team. He has effectively employed the English Opening in top-tier correspondence tournaments, and delivers exceptional analyses.

Ntirlis has established himself as a prominent chess figure in the field of chess openings, particularly through his written works. He has written books and articles that delve into specific openings, offering in-depth explanations, annotated games, and practical recommendations for players of all levels. His writing style combines meticulous analysis with a clear and engaging presentation, making complex opening concepts accessible and easy to understand.

He has a wealth of experience in writing opening books with successful/ releases such as:

• Playing 1.d4 d5, A Classical Repertoire
• Playing 1.e4 e5 – A Classical Repertoire
• Playing the French
• The Tarrasch Defence

Overall, the English offers a blend of positional and tactical opportunities, appealing to those with diverse playing styles. This book provides the reader with all the variations, ideas, and patterns needed to understand and employ the opening. Emphasis is very much placed on understanding (which we know is more important than memory in opening study!) through repeated motifs, explanations of the types of positions that will come up, model games, and much more.

Have any thoughts or questions? Let us know in the comments below!

Don’t miss out on the special introductory offer at forwardchess.com.